3.1.29 \(\int (a \cot ^3(x))^{3/2} \, dx\) [29]

Optimal. Leaf size=200 \[ \frac {2}{3} a \sqrt {a \cot ^3(x)}+\frac {a \text {ArcTan}\left (1-\sqrt {2} \sqrt {\cot (x)}\right ) \sqrt {a \cot ^3(x)}}{\sqrt {2} \cot ^{\frac {3}{2}}(x)}-\frac {a \text {ArcTan}\left (1+\sqrt {2} \sqrt {\cot (x)}\right ) \sqrt {a \cot ^3(x)}}{\sqrt {2} \cot ^{\frac {3}{2}}(x)}-\frac {2}{7} a \cot ^2(x) \sqrt {a \cot ^3(x)}-\frac {a \sqrt {a \cot ^3(x)} \log \left (1-\sqrt {2} \sqrt {\cot (x)}+\cot (x)\right )}{2 \sqrt {2} \cot ^{\frac {3}{2}}(x)}+\frac {a \sqrt {a \cot ^3(x)} \log \left (1+\sqrt {2} \sqrt {\cot (x)}+\cot (x)\right )}{2 \sqrt {2} \cot ^{\frac {3}{2}}(x)} \]

[Out]

2/3*a*(a*cot(x)^3)^(1/2)-2/7*a*cot(x)^2*(a*cot(x)^3)^(1/2)-1/2*a*arctan(-1+2^(1/2)*cot(x)^(1/2))*(a*cot(x)^3)^
(1/2)/cot(x)^(3/2)*2^(1/2)-1/2*a*arctan(1+2^(1/2)*cot(x)^(1/2))*(a*cot(x)^3)^(1/2)/cot(x)^(3/2)*2^(1/2)-1/4*a*
ln(1+cot(x)-2^(1/2)*cot(x)^(1/2))*(a*cot(x)^3)^(1/2)/cot(x)^(3/2)*2^(1/2)+1/4*a*ln(1+cot(x)+2^(1/2)*cot(x)^(1/
2))*(a*cot(x)^3)^(1/2)/cot(x)^(3/2)*2^(1/2)

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Rubi [A]
time = 0.06, antiderivative size = 200, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 14, number of rules used = 10, integrand size = 10, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 1.000, Rules used = {3739, 3554, 3557, 335, 303, 1176, 631, 210, 1179, 642} \begin {gather*} \frac {a \sqrt {a \cot ^3(x)} \text {ArcTan}\left (1-\sqrt {2} \sqrt {\cot (x)}\right )}{\sqrt {2} \cot ^{\frac {3}{2}}(x)}-\frac {a \sqrt {a \cot ^3(x)} \text {ArcTan}\left (\sqrt {2} \sqrt {\cot (x)}+1\right )}{\sqrt {2} \cot ^{\frac {3}{2}}(x)}+\frac {2}{3} a \sqrt {a \cot ^3(x)}-\frac {2}{7} a \cot ^2(x) \sqrt {a \cot ^3(x)}-\frac {a \sqrt {a \cot ^3(x)} \log \left (\cot (x)-\sqrt {2} \sqrt {\cot (x)}+1\right )}{2 \sqrt {2} \cot ^{\frac {3}{2}}(x)}+\frac {a \sqrt {a \cot ^3(x)} \log \left (\cot (x)+\sqrt {2} \sqrt {\cot (x)}+1\right )}{2 \sqrt {2} \cot ^{\frac {3}{2}}(x)} \end {gather*}

Antiderivative was successfully verified.

[In]

Int[(a*Cot[x]^3)^(3/2),x]

[Out]

(2*a*Sqrt[a*Cot[x]^3])/3 + (a*ArcTan[1 - Sqrt[2]*Sqrt[Cot[x]]]*Sqrt[a*Cot[x]^3])/(Sqrt[2]*Cot[x]^(3/2)) - (a*A
rcTan[1 + Sqrt[2]*Sqrt[Cot[x]]]*Sqrt[a*Cot[x]^3])/(Sqrt[2]*Cot[x]^(3/2)) - (2*a*Cot[x]^2*Sqrt[a*Cot[x]^3])/7 -
(a*Sqrt[a*Cot[x]^3]*Log[1 - Sqrt[2]*Sqrt[Cot[x]] + Cot[x]])/(2*Sqrt[2]*Cot[x]^(3/2)) + (a*Sqrt[a*Cot[x]^3]*Lo
g[1 + Sqrt[2]*Sqrt[Cot[x]] + Cot[x]])/(2*Sqrt[2]*Cot[x]^(3/2))

Rule 210

Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> Simp[(-(Rt[-a, 2]*Rt[-b, 2])^(-1))*ArcTan[Rt[-b, 2]*(x/Rt[-a, 2])
], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b}, x] && PosQ[a/b] && (LtQ[a, 0] || LtQ[b, 0])

Rule 303

Int[(x_)^2/((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^4), x_Symbol] :> With[{r = Numerator[Rt[a/b, 2]], s = Denominator[Rt[a/b, 2]]},
Dist[1/(2*s), Int[(r + s*x^2)/(a + b*x^4), x], x] - Dist[1/(2*s), Int[(r - s*x^2)/(a + b*x^4), x], x]] /; Free
Q[{a, b}, x] && (GtQ[a/b, 0] || (PosQ[a/b] && AtomQ[SplitProduct[SumBaseQ, a]] && AtomQ[SplitProduct[SumBaseQ,
b]]))

Rule 335

Int[((c_.)*(x_))^(m_)*((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^(n_))^(p_), x_Symbol] :> With[{k = Denominator[m]}, Dist[k/c, Subst[I
nt[x^(k*(m + 1) - 1)*(a + b*(x^(k*n)/c^n))^p, x], x, (c*x)^(1/k)], x]] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, p}, x] && IGtQ[n, 0]
&& FractionQ[m] && IntBinomialQ[a, b, c, n, m, p, x]

Rule 631

Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_) + (c_.)*(x_)^2)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> With[{q = 1 - 4*Simplify[a*(c/b^2)]}, Dist[-2/b, Sub
st[Int[1/(q - x^2), x], x, 1 + 2*c*(x/b)], x] /; RationalQ[q] && (EqQ[q^2, 1] ||  !RationalQ[b^2 - 4*a*c])] /;
FreeQ[{a, b, c}, x] && NeQ[b^2 - 4*a*c, 0]

Rule 642

Int[((d_) + (e_.)*(x_))/((a_.) + (b_.)*(x_) + (c_.)*(x_)^2), x_Symbol] :> Simp[d*(Log[RemoveContent[a + b*x +
c*x^2, x]]/b), x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e}, x] && EqQ[2*c*d - b*e, 0]

Rule 1176

Int[((d_) + (e_.)*(x_)^2)/((a_) + (c_.)*(x_)^4), x_Symbol] :> With[{q = Rt[2*(d/e), 2]}, Dist[e/(2*c), Int[1/S
imp[d/e + q*x + x^2, x], x], x] + Dist[e/(2*c), Int[1/Simp[d/e - q*x + x^2, x], x], x]] /; FreeQ[{a, c, d, e},
x] && EqQ[c*d^2 - a*e^2, 0] && PosQ[d*e]

Rule 1179

Int[((d_) + (e_.)*(x_)^2)/((a_) + (c_.)*(x_)^4), x_Symbol] :> With[{q = Rt[-2*(d/e), 2]}, Dist[e/(2*c*q), Int[
(q - 2*x)/Simp[d/e + q*x - x^2, x], x], x] + Dist[e/(2*c*q), Int[(q + 2*x)/Simp[d/e - q*x - x^2, x], x], x]] /
; FreeQ[{a, c, d, e}, x] && EqQ[c*d^2 - a*e^2, 0] && NegQ[d*e]

Rule 3554

Int[((b_.)*tan[(c_.) + (d_.)*(x_)])^(n_), x_Symbol] :> Simp[b*((b*Tan[c + d*x])^(n - 1)/(d*(n - 1))), x] - Dis
t[b^2, Int[(b*Tan[c + d*x])^(n - 2), x], x] /; FreeQ[{b, c, d}, x] && GtQ[n, 1]

Rule 3557

Int[((b_.)*tan[(c_.) + (d_.)*(x_)])^(n_), x_Symbol] :> Dist[b/d, Subst[Int[x^n/(b^2 + x^2), x], x, b*Tan[c + d
*x]], x] /; FreeQ[{b, c, d, n}, x] &&  !IntegerQ[n]

Rule 3739

Int[(u_.)*((b_.)*tan[(e_.) + (f_.)*(x_)]^(n_))^(p_), x_Symbol] :> With[{ff = FreeFactors[Tan[e + f*x], x]}, Di
st[(b*ff^n)^IntPart[p]*((b*Tan[e + f*x]^n)^FracPart[p]/(Tan[e + f*x]/ff)^(n*FracPart[p])), Int[ActivateTrig[u]
*(Tan[e + f*x]/ff)^(n*p), x], x]] /; FreeQ[{b, e, f, n, p}, x] &&  !IntegerQ[p] && IntegerQ[n] && (EqQ[u, 1] |
| MatchQ[u, ((d_.)*(trig_)[e + f*x])^(m_.) /; FreeQ[{d, m}, x] && MemberQ[{sin, cos, tan, cot, sec, csc}, trig
]])

Rubi steps

\begin {align*} \int \left (a \cot ^3(x)\right )^{3/2} \, dx &=\frac {\left (a \sqrt {a \cot ^3(x)}\right ) \int \cot ^{\frac {9}{2}}(x) \, dx}{\cot ^{\frac {3}{2}}(x)}\\ &=-\frac {2}{7} a \cot ^2(x) \sqrt {a \cot ^3(x)}-\frac {\left (a \sqrt {a \cot ^3(x)}\right ) \int \cot ^{\frac {5}{2}}(x) \, dx}{\cot ^{\frac {3}{2}}(x)}\\ &=\frac {2}{3} a \sqrt {a \cot ^3(x)}-\frac {2}{7} a \cot ^2(x) \sqrt {a \cot ^3(x)}+\frac {\left (a \sqrt {a \cot ^3(x)}\right ) \int \sqrt {\cot (x)} \, dx}{\cot ^{\frac {3}{2}}(x)}\\ &=\frac {2}{3} a \sqrt {a \cot ^3(x)}-\frac {2}{7} a \cot ^2(x) \sqrt {a \cot ^3(x)}-\frac {\left (a \sqrt {a \cot ^3(x)}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {\sqrt {x}}{1+x^2} \, dx,x,\cot (x)\right )}{\cot ^{\frac {3}{2}}(x)}\\ &=\frac {2}{3} a \sqrt {a \cot ^3(x)}-\frac {2}{7} a \cot ^2(x) \sqrt {a \cot ^3(x)}-\frac {\left (2 a \sqrt {a \cot ^3(x)}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {x^2}{1+x^4} \, dx,x,\sqrt {\cot (x)}\right )}{\cot ^{\frac {3}{2}}(x)}\\ &=\frac {2}{3} a \sqrt {a \cot ^3(x)}-\frac {2}{7} a \cot ^2(x) \sqrt {a \cot ^3(x)}+\frac {\left (a \sqrt {a \cot ^3(x)}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1-x^2}{1+x^4} \, dx,x,\sqrt {\cot (x)}\right )}{\cot ^{\frac {3}{2}}(x)}-\frac {\left (a \sqrt {a \cot ^3(x)}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1+x^2}{1+x^4} \, dx,x,\sqrt {\cot (x)}\right )}{\cot ^{\frac {3}{2}}(x)}\\ &=\frac {2}{3} a \sqrt {a \cot ^3(x)}-\frac {2}{7} a \cot ^2(x) \sqrt {a \cot ^3(x)}-\frac {\left (a \sqrt {a \cot ^3(x)}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1-\sqrt {2} x+x^2} \, dx,x,\sqrt {\cot (x)}\right )}{2 \cot ^{\frac {3}{2}}(x)}-\frac {\left (a \sqrt {a \cot ^3(x)}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1+\sqrt {2} x+x^2} \, dx,x,\sqrt {\cot (x)}\right )}{2 \cot ^{\frac {3}{2}}(x)}-\frac {\left (a \sqrt {a \cot ^3(x)}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {\sqrt {2}+2 x}{-1-\sqrt {2} x-x^2} \, dx,x,\sqrt {\cot (x)}\right )}{2 \sqrt {2} \cot ^{\frac {3}{2}}(x)}-\frac {\left (a \sqrt {a \cot ^3(x)}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {\sqrt {2}-2 x}{-1+\sqrt {2} x-x^2} \, dx,x,\sqrt {\cot (x)}\right )}{2 \sqrt {2} \cot ^{\frac {3}{2}}(x)}\\ &=\frac {2}{3} a \sqrt {a \cot ^3(x)}-\frac {2}{7} a \cot ^2(x) \sqrt {a \cot ^3(x)}-\frac {a \sqrt {a \cot ^3(x)} \log \left (1-\sqrt {2} \sqrt {\cot (x)}+\cot (x)\right )}{2 \sqrt {2} \cot ^{\frac {3}{2}}(x)}+\frac {a \sqrt {a \cot ^3(x)} \log \left (1+\sqrt {2} \sqrt {\cot (x)}+\cot (x)\right )}{2 \sqrt {2} \cot ^{\frac {3}{2}}(x)}-\frac {\left (a \sqrt {a \cot ^3(x)}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-1-x^2} \, dx,x,1-\sqrt {2} \sqrt {\cot (x)}\right )}{\sqrt {2} \cot ^{\frac {3}{2}}(x)}+\frac {\left (a \sqrt {a \cot ^3(x)}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-1-x^2} \, dx,x,1+\sqrt {2} \sqrt {\cot (x)}\right )}{\sqrt {2} \cot ^{\frac {3}{2}}(x)}\\ &=\frac {2}{3} a \sqrt {a \cot ^3(x)}+\frac {a \tan ^{-1}\left (1-\sqrt {2} \sqrt {\cot (x)}\right ) \sqrt {a \cot ^3(x)}}{\sqrt {2} \cot ^{\frac {3}{2}}(x)}-\frac {a \tan ^{-1}\left (1+\sqrt {2} \sqrt {\cot (x)}\right ) \sqrt {a \cot ^3(x)}}{\sqrt {2} \cot ^{\frac {3}{2}}(x)}-\frac {2}{7} a \cot ^2(x) \sqrt {a \cot ^3(x)}-\frac {a \sqrt {a \cot ^3(x)} \log \left (1-\sqrt {2} \sqrt {\cot (x)}+\cot (x)\right )}{2 \sqrt {2} \cot ^{\frac {3}{2}}(x)}+\frac {a \sqrt {a \cot ^3(x)} \log \left (1+\sqrt {2} \sqrt {\cot (x)}+\cot (x)\right )}{2 \sqrt {2} \cot ^{\frac {3}{2}}(x)}\\ \end {align*}

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Mathematica [C] Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 5 vs. order 3 in optimal.
time = 0.06, size = 39, normalized size = 0.20 \begin {gather*} -\frac {2}{21} a \sqrt {a \cot ^3(x)} \left (-7+3 \cot ^2(x)+7 \, _2F_1\left (\frac {3}{4},1;\frac {7}{4};-\cot ^2(x)\right )\right ) \end {gather*}

Antiderivative was successfully verified.

[In]

Integrate[(a*Cot[x]^3)^(3/2),x]

[Out]

(-2*a*Sqrt[a*Cot[x]^3]*(-7 + 3*Cot[x]^2 + 7*Hypergeometric2F1[3/4, 1, 7/4, -Cot[x]^2]))/21

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Maple [A]
time = 0.22, size = 186, normalized size = 0.93

method	result	size
derivativedivides	\(-\frac {\left (a \left (\cot ^{3}\left (x \right )\right )\right )^{\frac {3}{2}} \left (24 \left (a \cot \left (x \right )\right )^{\frac {7}{2}} \left (a^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}+42 a^{4} \sqrt {2}\, \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2}\, \sqrt {a \cot \left (x \right )}+\left (a^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}{\left (a^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}\right )+42 a^{4} \sqrt {2}\, \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2}\, \sqrt {a \cot \left (x \right )}-\left (a^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}{\left (a^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}\right )+21 a^{4} \sqrt {2}\, \ln \left (\frac {a \cot \left (x \right )-\left (a^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} \sqrt {a \cot \left (x \right )}\, \sqrt {2}+\sqrt {a^{2}}}{a \cot \left (x \right )+\left (a^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} \sqrt {a \cot \left (x \right )}\, \sqrt {2}+\sqrt {a^{2}}}\right )-56 a^{2} \left (a \cot \left (x \right )\right )^{\frac {3}{2}} \left (a^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )}{84 \cot \left (x \right )^{3} \left (a \cot \left (x \right )\right )^{\frac {3}{2}} a^{2} \left (a^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}\)	\(186\)
default	\(-\frac {\left (a \left (\cot ^{3}\left (x \right )\right )\right )^{\frac {3}{2}} \left (24 \left (a \cot \left (x \right )\right )^{\frac {7}{2}} \left (a^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}+42 a^{4} \sqrt {2}\, \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2}\, \sqrt {a \cot \left (x \right )}+\left (a^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}{\left (a^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}\right )+42 a^{4} \sqrt {2}\, \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2}\, \sqrt {a \cot \left (x \right )}-\left (a^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}{\left (a^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}\right )+21 a^{4} \sqrt {2}\, \ln \left (\frac {a \cot \left (x \right )-\left (a^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} \sqrt {a \cot \left (x \right )}\, \sqrt {2}+\sqrt {a^{2}}}{a \cot \left (x \right )+\left (a^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} \sqrt {a \cot \left (x \right )}\, \sqrt {2}+\sqrt {a^{2}}}\right )-56 a^{2} \left (a \cot \left (x \right )\right )^{\frac {3}{2}} \left (a^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )}{84 \cot \left (x \right )^{3} \left (a \cot \left (x \right )\right )^{\frac {3}{2}} a^{2} \left (a^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}\)	\(186\)

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

int((a*cot(x)^3)^(3/2),x,method=_RETURNVERBOSE)

[Out]

-1/84*(a*cot(x)^3)^(3/2)*(24*(a*cot(x))^(7/2)*(a^2)^(1/4)+42*a^4*2^(1/2)*arctan((2^(1/2)*(a*cot(x))^(1/2)+(a^2
)^(1/4))/(a^2)^(1/4))+42*a^4*2^(1/2)*arctan((2^(1/2)*(a*cot(x))^(1/2)-(a^2)^(1/4))/(a^2)^(1/4))+21*a^4*2^(1/2)
*ln((a*cot(x)-(a^2)^(1/4)*(a*cot(x))^(1/2)*2^(1/2)+(a^2)^(1/2))/(a*cot(x)+(a^2)^(1/4)*(a*cot(x))^(1/2)*2^(1/2)
+(a^2)^(1/2)))-56*a^2*(a*cot(x))^(3/2)*(a^2)^(1/4))/cot(x)^3/(a*cot(x))^(3/2)/a^2/(a^2)^(1/4)

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Maxima [A]
time = 0.51, size = 113, normalized size = 0.56 \begin {gather*} \frac {1}{4} \, {\left (2 \, \sqrt {2} \sqrt {a} \arctan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, \sqrt {2} {\left (\sqrt {2} + 2 \, \sqrt {\tan \left (x\right )}\right )}\right ) + 2 \, \sqrt {2} \sqrt {a} \arctan \left (-\frac {1}{2} \, \sqrt {2} {\left (\sqrt {2} - 2 \, \sqrt {\tan \left (x\right )}\right )}\right ) + \sqrt {2} \sqrt {a} \log \left (\sqrt {2} \sqrt {\tan \left (x\right )} + \tan \left (x\right ) + 1\right ) - \sqrt {2} \sqrt {a} \log \left (-\sqrt {2} \sqrt {\tan \left (x\right )} + \tan \left (x\right ) + 1\right )\right )} a + \frac {2 \, a^{\frac {3}{2}}}{3 \, \tan \left (x\right )^{\frac {3}{2}}} - \frac {2 \, a^{\frac {3}{2}}}{7 \, \tan \left (x\right )^{\frac {7}{2}}} \end {gather*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate((a*cot(x)^3)^(3/2),x, algorithm="maxima")

[Out]

1/4*(2*sqrt(2)*sqrt(a)*arctan(1/2*sqrt(2)*(sqrt(2) + 2*sqrt(tan(x)))) + 2*sqrt(2)*sqrt(a)*arctan(-1/2*sqrt(2)*
(sqrt(2) - 2*sqrt(tan(x)))) + sqrt(2)*sqrt(a)*log(sqrt(2)*sqrt(tan(x)) + tan(x) + 1) - sqrt(2)*sqrt(a)*log(-sq
rt(2)*sqrt(tan(x)) + tan(x) + 1))*a + 2/3*a^(3/2)/tan(x)^(3/2) - 2/7*a^(3/2)/tan(x)^(7/2)

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Fricas [F(-1)] Timed out
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {Timed out} \end {gather*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate((a*cot(x)^3)^(3/2),x, algorithm="fricas")

[Out]

Timed out

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Sympy [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \int \left (a \cot ^{3}{\left (x \right )}\right )^{\frac {3}{2}}\, dx \end {gather*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate((a*cot(x)**3)**(3/2),x)

[Out]

Integral((a*cot(x)**3)**(3/2), x)

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Giac [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {could not integrate} \end {gather*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate((a*cot(x)^3)^(3/2),x, algorithm="giac")

[Out]

integrate((a*cot(x)^3)^(3/2), x)

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Mupad [F]
time = 0.00, size = -1, normalized size = -0.00 \begin {gather*} \int {\left (a\,{\mathrm {cot}\left (x\right )}^3\right )}^{3/2} \,d x \end {gather*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

int((a*cot(x)^3)^(3/2),x)

[Out]

int((a*cot(x)^3)^(3/2), x)

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